Metamorphic rock describes rock altered by exposure to extensive pressure (1500 bars) and heat (temperatures of 150 to 200°C) through the process called metamorphism. The prolith, or existing rock, undergoes such significant transformation that the resulting metamorphic rock has different physical and chemical properties. Metamorphic rock is classified by texture and chemical makeup.
Different Types of Prolith
• Sedimentary rock (i.e., limestone, chalk, sandstone, breccia, shale)
• Igneous rock (solidified cooled magma)
• Older metamorphic rock
Types of Metamorphic Rock
• Slate
• Marble
• Schist
• Gneiss
• Quartzite
Metamorphic rock is formed in several different ways. Rock located deep below the Earth’s surface can be metamorphised simply by its location. Metamorphic rock can also be formed when rock is superheated because of exposure to hot magma.
Continental collisions, which create incredible pressure, can also cause the transformation. The study of metamorphic rock gives scientists valuable information about the pressure and temperatures of the interior of the Earth’s Crust.
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